How to Choose the Right Display Protocol for E-Bike & E-Scooter OEM Projects
Introduction — Why Protocol Choice Matters
Choosing the right display protocol is one of the most critical technical decisions in e-bike and e-scooter OEM projects.
The protocol defines how the display communicates with the controller, what data can be shown, and which functions can be controlled.
👉 A wrong protocol choice can lead to display delays, missing functions, or large-scale after-sales issues.
Step 1 — Understand the Role of Protocols in Displays
A display protocol acts as the communication language between the display and the controller.
It controls:
Speed display
Battery level
Assist level
Riding modes
Lights
Bluetooth / APP interaction
Simple Analogy
Think of a protocol like a phone charging cable.
If the cable type doesn’t match, power or data transmission won’t work correctly.
Step 2 — Identify Common Display Protocol Options
Before choosing, OEM buyers should understand the main protocol types used today.
Protocol Comparison Table
| Protocol | Key Features | Phone Cable Analogy | Typical Use | Pros & Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UART No.2 | Asynchronous serial, high compatibility | Micro USB | Entry & mid-level models | Stable, low cost, limited expansion |
| CAN Bus | High-speed, synchronous, anti-interference | USB-C | High-end OEM & smart bikes | Powerful, scalable, higher cost |
| Custom Protocol | Client-specific | Lightning / MagSafe | Large OEM customization | Flexible, higher dev cost |
Step 3 — Know Why There Is No Universal Protocol
Many OEM buyers ask:
“Why can’t all e-bike displays use one protocol?”
The reasons are practical:
Legacy systems: Early controllers used proprietary protocols
Feature differences: Entry-level bikes need fewer functions
Cost control: Universal compatibility increases firmware complexity
No global standard: Different regions, regulations, and ecosystems
👉 Just like smartphones, multiple interfaces coexist because markets demand different solutions.
Step 4 — Evaluate Multi-Protocol Displays Carefully
Multi-protocol displays aim to act like a “universal charging cable.”
Is It Technically Possible?
Yes. Firmware can support multiple protocols and switch during startup.
Real-World Challenges
Different command structures
More testing and validation
Higher development and unit cost
When It Makes Sense
Large OEMs
High-volume production
Premium positioning
For smaller projects, single-protocol displays remain more cost-effective and stable.
Step 5 — Understand How Protocol Mismatch Affects Performance
Many field issues are protocol-related, not hardware defects.
| Symptom | Hidden Cause | Recommendation | Phone Cable Analogy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Display delay | Baud rate mismatch | Verify protocol settings | Slow data cable |
| Screen freeze | Power & signal interference | Improve wiring | Unstable charging |
| Missing features | Firmware mismatch | Standardize firmware | No fast charge support |
Step 6 — Choose the Right Protocol Based on Project Type
Entry-Level or Small-Batch OEM
✔ UART No.2
Stable, cost-effective, widely compatible
High-End or Large-Volume OEM
✔ CAN or Custom Protocol
Supports advanced features and future expansion
Premium OEM With Multiple Controller Sources
✔ Multi-protocol display (with higher budget)
👉 Always confirm the controller model and protocol version before mass production.
Conclusion
Choosing the right display protocol is not just a technical decision — it directly impacts system stability, cost control, and after-sales risk.
For B2B and OEM buyers, a clear protocol strategy ensures smoother integration and long-term success.